HTML 标准，Web 开发人员版 - WHATWG 网页超文本应用技术工作小组

感谢蒂姆·伯纳斯-李发明了 HTML，没有它，这一切都不会存在。

Thanks to Aankhen, Aaqa Ishtyaq, Aaron Boodman, Aaron Leventhal, Aaron Krajeski, Abhishek Ghaskata, Abhishek Gupta, Adam Barth, Adam de Boor, Adam Hepton, Adam Klein, Adam Rice, Adam Roben, Addison Phillips, Adele Peterson, Adrian Bateman, Adrian Roselli, Adrian Sutton, Agustín Fernández, Aharon (Vladimir) Lanin, Ajai Tirumali, Ajay Poshak, Akatsuki Kitamura, Alan Plum, Alastair Campbell, Alejandro G. Castro, Alex Bishop, Alex Nicolaou, Alex Nozdriukhin, Alex Rousskov, Alex Soncodi, Alexander Farkas, Alexander J. Vincent, Alexander Kalenik, Alexandre Dieulot, Alexandre Morgaut, Alexey Feldgendler, Алексей Проскуряков (Alexey Proskuryakov), Alexey Shvayka, Alexis Deveria, Alfred Agrell, Ali Juma, Alice Boxhall, Alice Wonder, Allan Clements, Allen Wirfs-Brock, Alex Komoroske, Alex Russell, Alphan Chen, Aman Ansari, Ami Fischman, Amos Jeffries, Amos Lim, Anders Carlsson, André Bargull, André E. Veltstra, Andrea Rendine, Andreas, Andreas Deuschlinger, Andreas Farre, Andreas Kling, Andrei Popescu, Andres Gomez, Andres Rios, Andreu Botella, Andrew Barfield, Andrew Clover, Andrew Gove, Andrew Grieve, Andrew Kaster, Andrew Macpherson, Andrew Oakley, Andrew Paseltiner, Andrew Simons, Andrew Smith, Andrew W. Hagen, Andrew Williams, Andrey V. Lukyanov, Andry Rendy, Andy Davies, Andy Earnshaw, Andy Heydon, Andy Paicu, Andy Palay, Anjana Vakil, Ankur Kaushal, Anna Belle Leiserson, Anna Sidwell, Anthony Boyd, Anthony Bryan, Anthony Hickson, Anthony Ramine, Anthony Ricaud, Anton Vayvod, Antonio Sartori, Antti Koivisto, Arfat Salman, Arkadiusz Michalski, Arne Thomassen, Aron Spohr, Arphen Lin, Arthur Hemery, Arthur Sonzogni, Arthur Stolyar, Arun Patole, Aryeh Gregor, Asanka Herath, Asbjørn Ulsberg, Ashley Gullen, Ashley Sheridan, Asumu Takikawa, Atsushi Takayama, Attila Haraszti, Aurelien Levy, Ave Wrigley, Avi Drissman, Axel Dahmen, 방성범 (Bang Seongbeom), Barry Pollard, Ben Boyle, Ben Godfrey, Ben Golightly, Ben Kelly, Ben Lerner, Ben Leslie, Ben Meadowcroft, Ben Millard, Benjamin Carl Wiley Sittler, Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis, Benji Bilheimer, Benoit Ren, Bert Bos, Bijan Parsia, Bil Corry, Bill Mason, Bill McCoy, Billy Wong, Billy Woods, Bjartur Thorlacius, Björn Höhrmann, Blake Frantz, Bob Lund, Bob Owen, Bobby Holley, Boris Zbarsky, Brad Fults, Brad Neuberg, Brad Spencer, Bradley Meck, Brady Eidson, Brandon Jones, Brendan Eich, Brenton Simpson, Brett Wilson, Brett Zamir, Brian Birtles, Brian Blakely, Brian Campbell, Brian Korver, Brian Kuhn, Brian M. 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Williams, Cameron McCormack, Cameron Zemek, Cao Yipeng, Carlos Amengual, Carlos Gabriel Cardona, Carlos Ibarra López, Carlos Perelló Marín, Carolyn MacLeod, Casey Leask, Cătălin Badea, Cătălin Mariș, Cem Turesoy, ceving, Chao Cai, 윤석찬 (Channy Yun), Charl van Niekerk, Charlene Wright, Charles Iliya Krempeaux, Charles McCathie Nevile, Charlie Reis, 白丞祐 (Cheng-You Bai), Chris Apers, Chris Cressman, Chris Dumez, Chris Evans, Chris Harrelson, Chris Markiewicz, Chris Morris, Chris Nardi, Chris Needham, Chris Pearce, Chris Peterson, Chris Rebert, Chris Weber, Chris Wilson, Christian Biesinger, Christian Johansen, Christian Schmidt, Christoph Päper, Christophe Dumez, Christopher Aillon, Christopher Cameron, Christopher Ferris, Chriswa, Clark Buehler, Cole Robison, Colin Fine, Collin Jackson, Corey Farwell, Corprew Reed, Craig Cockburn, Csaba Gabor, Csaba Marton, Cynthia Shelly, Cyrille Tuzi, Daksh Shah, Dan Callahan, Dan Yoder, Dane Foster, Daniel Barclay, Daniel Bratell, Daniel Brooks, Daniel Brumbaugh Keeney, Daniel Buchner, Daniel Cheng, Daniel Clark, Daniel Davis, Daniel Ehrenberg, Daniel Glazman, Daniel Holbert, Daniel Peng, Daniel Schattenkirchner, Daniel Spång, Daniel Steinberg, Daniel Tan, Daniel Trebbien, Daniel Vogelheim, Danny Sullivan, Daphne Preston-Kendal, Darien Maillet Valentine, Darin Adler, Darin Fisher, Darxus, Dave Camp, Dave Cramer, Dave Hodder, Dave Lampton, Dave Singer, Dave Tapuska, Dave Townsend, David Baron, David Bloom, David Bokan, David Bruant, David Carlisle, David E. Cleary, David Egan Evans, David Fink, David Flanagan, David Gerard, David Grogan, David Hale, David Håsäther, David Hyatt, David I. Lehn, David John Burrowes, David Matja, David Remahl, David Resseguie, David Smith, David Storey, David Vest, David Woolley, David Zbarsky, Dave Methvin, DeWitt Clinton, Dean Edridge, Dean Edwards, Dean Jackson, Debanjana Sarkar, Debi Orton, Delan Azabani, Derek Featherstone, Derek Guenther, Devarshi Pant, Devdatta, Devin Mullins, Devin Rousso, Di Zhang, Diego Ferreiro Val, Diego González Zúñiga, Diego Ponce de León, Dimitri Glazkov, Dimitry Golubovsky, Dirk Pranke, Dirk Schulze, Dirkjan Ochtman, Divya Manian, Dmitry Lazutkin, Dmitry Titov, dolphinling, Dominic Cooney, Dominique Hazaël-Massieux, Don Brutzman, Donovan Glover, Doron Rosenberg, Doug Kramer, Doug Simpkinson, Drew Wilson, Edgar Chen, Edmund Lai, Eduard Pascual, Eduardo Vela, Edward Welbourne, Edward Z. 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Rosmaita, Gregory Terzian, Grey, guest271314, Guilherme Johansson Tramontina, Guy Bedford, Gytis Jakutonis, Håkon Wium Lie, Habib Virji, Hajime Morrita, Hallvord Reiar Michaelsen Steen, Hanna Laakso, Hans S. Tømmerhalt, Hans Stimer, Harald Alvestrand, Hayato Ito, 何志翔 (HE Zhixiang), Henri Sivonen, Henrik Lied, Henrik Lievonen, Henry Lewis, Henry Mason, Henry Story, Hermann Donfack Zeufack, 中川博貴 (Hiroki Nakagawa), Hiroshige Hayashizaki, Hiroyuki USHITO, Hitoshi Yoshida, Hongchan Choi, 王华 (Hua Wang), Hugh Bellamy, Hugh Guiney, Hugh Winkler, Ian Bicking, Ian Clelland, Ian Davis, Ian Fette, Ian Henderson, Ian Kilpatrick, Ibrahim Ahmed, Ido Green, Ignacio Javier, Igor Oliveira, 安次嶺一功 (Ikko Ashimine), Ilya Grigorik, Ingvar Stepanyan, isonmad, Iurii Kucherov, Ivan Enderlin, Ivan Nikulin, Ivan Panchenko, Ivo Emanuel Gonçalves, J. King, J.C. Jones, Jackson Ray Hamilton, Jacob Davies, Jacques Distler, Jake Archibald, Jake Verbaten, Jakub Vrána, Jakub Łopuszański, Jakub Wilk, James Craig, James Graham, James Greene, James Justin Harrell, James Kozianski, James M Snell, James Perrett, James Robinson, Jamie Liu, Jamie Lokier, Jamie Mansfield, Jan Kühle, Jan Miksovsky, Janice Shiu, Janusz Majnert, Jan-Ivar Bruaroey, Jan-Klaas Kollhof, Jared Jacobs, Jason Duell, Jason Kersey, Jason Lustig, Jason Orendorff, Jason White, Jasper Bryant-Greene, Jasper St. Pierre, Jatinder Mann, Jay Henry Kao, Jean-Yves Avenard, Jed Hartman, Jeff Balogh, Jeff Cutsinger, Jeff Gilbert, Jeff "=JeffH" Hodges, Jeff Schiller, Jeff Walden, Jeffrey Yasskin, Jeffrey Zeldman, 胡慧鋒 (Jennifer Braithwaite), Jellybean Stonerfish, Jennifer Apacible, Jens Bannmann, Jens Fendler, Jens Oliver Meiert, Jens Widell, Jer Noble, Jeremey Hustman, Jeremy Keith, Jeremy Orlow, Jeremy Roman, Jeroen van der Meer, Jerry Smith, Jesse Renée Beach, Jessica Jong, jfkthame, Jian Li, Jihye Hong, Jim Jewett, Jim Ley, Jim Meehan, Jim Michaels, Jinho Bang, Jinjiang (勾三股四), Jirka Kosek, Jjgod Jiang, Joaquim Medeiros, João Eiras, Jochen Eisinger, Joe Clark, Joe Gregorio, Joel Spolsky, Joel Verhagen, Joey Arhar, Johan Herland, Johanna Herman, John Boyer, John Bussjaeger, John Carpenter, John Daggett, John Fallows, John Foliot, John Harding, John Keiser, John Law, John Musgrave, John Snyders, John Stockton, John-Mark Bell, Johnny Stenback, Jon Coppeard, Jon Ferraiolo, Jon Gibbins, Jon Jensen, Jon Perlow, Jonas Sicking, Jonathan Cook, Jonathan Kew, Jonathan Neal, Jonathan Oddy, Jonathan Rees, Jonathan Watt, Jonathan Worent, Jonny Axelsson, Joram Schrijver, Jordan Tucker, Jorgen Horstink, Joris van der Wel, Jorunn Danielsen Newth, Joseph Kesselman, Joseph Mansfield, Joseph Pecoraro, Josh Aas, Josh Hart, Josh Juran, Josh Levenberg, Josh Matthews, Joshua Bell, Joshua Chen, Joshua Randall, Juan Olvera, Juanmi Huertas, Jukka K. Korpela, Jules Clément-Ripoche, Julian Reschke, Julio Lopez, 小勝　純 (Jun Kokatsu), Jun Yang (harttle), Jungkee Song, Jürgen Jeka, Justin Lebar, Justin Novosad, Justin Rogers, Justin Schuh, Justin Sinclair, Juuso Lapinlampi, Ka-Sing Chou, Kagami Sascha Rosylight, Kai Hendry, Kamishetty Sreeja, 呂康豪 (KangHao Lu), Karl Dubost, Karl Tomlinson, Kartik Arora, Kartikaya Gupta, Kathy Walton, 河童エクマ（Kawarabe Ecma） Keith Cirkel, Keith Rollin, Keith Yeung, Kelly Ford, Kelly Norton, Ken Russell, Kenji Baheux, Kevin Benson, Kevin Cole, Kevin Gadd, Kevin Venkiteswaran, Khushal Sagar, Kinuko Yasuda, Koji Ishii, Kornél Pál, Kornel Lesinski, 上野康平 (UENO, Kouhei), Kris Northfield, Kristof Zelechovski, Krzysztof Maczyński, 黒澤剛志 (Kurosawa Takeshi), Kyle Barnhart, Kyle Hofmann, Kyle Huey, Léonard Bouchet, Léonie Watson, Lachlan Hunt, Larry Masinter, Larry Page, Lars Gunther, Lars Solberg, Laura Carlson, Laura Granka, Laura L. Carlson, Laura Wisewell, Laurens Holst, Lawrence Forooghian, Lee Kowalkowski, Leif Halvard Silli, Leif Kornstaedt, Lenny Domnitser, Leonard Rosenthol, Leons Petrazickis, Liviu Tinta, Lobotom Dysmon, Logan, Logan Moore, Loune, Lucas Gadani, Łukasz Pilorz, Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton, Luke Warlow, Luke Wilde, Maciej Stachowiak, Magne Andersson, Magnus Kristiansen, Maik Merten, Majid Valipour, Malcolm Rowe, Manish Goregaokar, Manish Tripathi, Manuel Martinez-Almeida, Manuel Rego Casasnovas, Marc Hoyois, Marc-André Choquette, Marc-André Lafortune, Marco Zehe, Marcus Bointon, Marcus Otterström, Marijn Kruisselbrink, Mark Amery, Mark Birbeck, Mark Davis, Mark Green, Mark Miller, Mark Nottingham, Mark Pilgrim, Mark Rogers, Mark Rowe, Mark Schenk, Mark Vickers, Mark Wilton-Jones, Markus Cadonau, Markus Stange, Martijn van der Ven, Martijn Wargers, Martin Atkins, Martin Chaov, Martin Dürst, Martin Honnen, Martin Janecke, Martin Kutschker, Martin Nilsson, Martin Thomson, Masataka Yakura, Masatoshi Kimura, Mason Freed, Mason Mize, Mathias Bynens, Mathieu Henri, Matias Larsson, Matt Brubeck, Matt Di Pasquale, Matt Falkenhagen, Matt Giuca, Matt Harding, Matt Schmidt, Matt Wright, Matthew Gaudet, Matthew Gregan, Matthew Mastracci, Matthew Noorenberghe, Matthew Raymond, Matthew Thomas, Matthew Tylee Atkinson, Mattias Waldau, Max Romantschuk, Maxim Tsoy, Mayeul Cantan, Menachem Salomon, Menno van Slooten, Micah Dubinko, Micah Nerren, Michael 'Ratt' Iannarelli, Michael A. Nachbaur, Michael A. Puls II, Michael Carter, Michael Daskalov, Michael Day, Michael Dyck, Michael Enright, Michael Gratton, Michael Kohler, Michael McKelvey, Michael Nordman, Michael Powers, Michael Rakowski, Michael(tm) Smith, Michael Walmsley, Michal Zalewski, Michel Buffa, Michel Fortin, Michelangelo De Simone, Michiel van der Blonk, Miguel Casas-Sanchez, Mihai Şucan, Mihai Parparita, Mike Brown, Mike Dierken, Mike Dixon, Mike Hearn, Mike Pennisi, Mike Schinkel, Mike Shaver, Mikko Rantalainen, Mingye Wang, Mirko Brodesser, Mohamed Zergaoui, Mohammad Al Houssami, Mohammad Reza Zakerinasab, Momdo Nakamura, Morten Stenshorne, Mounir Lamouri, Ms2ger, mtrootyy, 邱慕安 (Mu-An Chiou), Mukilan Thiyagarajan, Mustaq Ahmed, Myles Borins, Nadia Heninger, Nate Chapin, NARUSE Yui, Navid Zolghadr, Neil Deakin, Neil Rashbrook, Neil Soiffer, Nereida Rondon, networkException, Nicholas Shanks, Nicholas Stimpson, Nicholas Zakas, Nickolay Ponomarev, Nicolas Gallagher, Nicolas Pena Moreno, Nicolò Ribaudo, Nidhi Jaju, Nikki Bee, Niklas Gögge, Nina Satragno, Noah Mendelsohn, Noah Slater, Noam Rosenthal, Noel Gordon, Nolan Waite, NoozNooz42, Norbert Lindenberg, Oisín Nolan, Ojan Vafai, Olaf Hoffmann, Olav Junker Kjær, Oldřich Vetešník, Oli Studholme, Oliver Hunt, Oliver Rigby, Olivia (Xiaoni) Lai, Olivier Gendrin, Olli Pettay, Ondřej Žára, Ori Avtalion, Oriol Brufau, oSand, Pablo Flouret, Patrick Dark, Patrick Garies, Patrick H. 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Crowder, Tab Atkins-Bittner, Taiju Tsuiki, Takashi Toyoshima, Takayoshi Kochi, Takeshi Yoshino, Tantek Çelik, 田村健人 (Kent TAMURA), Tawanda Moyo, Taylor Hunt, Ted Mielczarek, Terence Eden, Terrence Wood, Tetsuharu OHZEKI, Theresa O'Connor, Thijs van der Vossen, Thomas Broyer, Thomas Koetter, Thomas O'Connor, Tim Altman, Tim Dresser, Tim Johansson, Tim Nguyen, Tim Perry, Tim van der Lippe, TJ VanToll, Tobias Schneider, Tobie Langel, Toby Inkster, Todd Moody, Tom Baker, Tom Pike, Tom Schuster, Tom ten Thij, Tomasz Jakut, Tomek Wytrębowicz, Tommy Thorsen, Tony Ross, Tooru Fujisawa, Toru Kobayashi, Traian Captan, Travis Leithead, Trevor Rowbotham, Trevor Saunders, Trey Eckels, triple-underscore, Tristan Fraipont, 保呂毅 (Tsuyoshi Horo), Tyler Close, Valentin Gosu, Vardhan Gupta, Vas Sudanagunta, Veli Şenol, Victor Carbune, Victor Costan, Vipul Snehadeep Chawathe, Vitya Muhachev, Vlad Levin, Vladimir Katardjiev, Vladimir Vukićević, Vyacheslav Aristov, voracity, Walter Steiner, Wakaba, Wayne Carr, Wayne Pollock, Wellington Fernando de Macedo, Wenson Hsieh, Weston Ruter, Wilhelm Joys Andersen, Will Levine, Will Ray, William Chen, William Swanson, Willy Martin Aguirre Rodriguez, Wladimir Palant, Wojciech Mach, Wolfram Kriesing, Xan Gregg, xenotheme, XhmikosR, Xida Chen, Xidorn Quan, Xue Fuqiao, Yang Chen, Yao Xiao, Yash Handa, Yay295, Ye-Kui Wang, Yehuda Katz, Yi Xu, Yi-An Huang, Yngve Nysaeter Pettersen, Yoav Weiss, Yonathan Randolph, Yu Huojiang, Yuki Okushi, Yury Delendik, 平野裕 (Yutaka Hirano), Yuzo Fujishima, 西條柚 (Yuzu Saijo), Zhenbin Xu, 张智强 (Zhiqiang Zhang), Zoltan Herczeg, Zyachel, and Øistein E. Andersen, for their useful comments, both large and small, that have led to changes to this specification over the years.

特别感谢 Richard Williamson 在 Safari 中创建了 canvas 的第一个实现，canvas 功能的设计源于此。

还要特别感谢微软的员工，他们首先实现了基于事件的拖放机制、contenteditable 以及其他最初由 Windows Internet Explorer 浏览器广泛部署的功能。

感谢微数据可用性研究的参与者，允许我们以他们的错误作为设计微数据功能的指导。

还要感谢微软博客社区的一些想法，感谢 Web 应用程序和复合文档 W3C 研讨会的与会者提供的灵感，感谢 #mrt 团队、#mrt.no 团队和 #whatwg 团队，以及 Pillar 和 Hedral 的想法和支持。

特别感谢 RICG 开发了 picture 元素和相关功能；特别感谢 Adrian Bateman、Bruce Lawson、David Newton、Ilya Grigorik、John Schoenick、Leon de Rijke、Mat Marquis、Marcos Cáceres、Tab Atkins、Theresa O'Connor 和 Yoav Weiss 的贡献。

特别感谢 WPWG 孵化了自定义元素功能。特别感谢 David Hyatt 和 Ian Hickson 通过 XBL 规范的影响，Dimitri Glazkov 对自定义元素规范的初稿，以及 Alex Komoroske、Alex Russell、Andres Rios、Boris Zbarsky、Brian Kardell、Daniel Buchner、Dominic Cooney、Erik Arvidsson、Elliott Sprehn、Hajime Morrita、Hayato Ito、Jan Miksovsky、Jonas Sicking、Olli Pettay、Rafael Weinstein、Roland Steiner、Ryosuke Niwa、Scott Miles、Steve Faulkner、Steve Orvell、Tab Atkins、Theresa O'Connor、Tim Perry 和 William Chen 的贡献。

特别感谢 CSSWG 开发了 worklets。特别感谢 Ian Kilpatrick 作为原始 worklets 规范编辑所做的工作。

从 2003 年开始的十年左右时间里，这个标准几乎完全是由 Ian Hickson (Google，[email protected]) 编写的。

知识产权

嵌入式内容介绍中狼的图片基于一张照片，由 Barry O'Neill 拍摄。(公共领域)

嵌入式内容介绍中壶铃摆动的图片基于一张照片，由 kokkarina 拍摄。(CC0 1.0)

canvas 演示中使用的蓝色机器人播放器精灵基于一个作品，由 JohnColburn 创建。(CC BY-SA 3.0)

2013 年 FIRST 机器人竞赛硅谷区域赛中，机器人 148 攀爬塔的照片基于一个作品，由 Lenore Edman 拍摄。(CC BY 2.0)

显示 async 和 defer 如何影响 script 加载的图表基于一篇博文中的类似图表，作者是 Peter Beverloo。(CC0 1.0)

用于演示基于模块的工作的图像解码演示借鉴了一篇教程中的一些示例代码，作者是 Ilmari Heikkinen。(CC BY 3.0)

<flag-icon> 示例的灵感来自一个自定义元素，由 Steven Skelton 创建。(MIT)

HTML：活的标准

致谢

知识产权